Germany
Germany was almost completely devastated from World War II. During the European Theater, the country was carpet-bombed by the Allies, demolishing buildings and killing many civilians. Germany was also fiscally devastated from the Nazis desperately spending the country's money to help with the war, all the way to its very last days. Germany was also separated into four different parts, all controlled by the Allies.The US, The USSR, Great Britain, and France all owned one part. Germany and its people had to start all over again with barely anything. Germany was later unified in 1990.
Great Britian
Like other European countries, The UK suffered a high loss of life, and its economy was damaged. Since it was less capable for maintaining its empire, many of Great Britain's colonies revolted and declared independence over the next 20 years. With a decreasing will to fight, the UK granted independence to most colonies without any war. By the 1960's, they had lost a majority of their empire.
Italy
After the war, communism rose in popularity in Italy, since its experience with democracy after World War I was troublesome. The US made sure communism did not spread in Italy, which brought Italy to the democratic side. A democratic republic was formed in Italy in 1948 and Italy was brought under the influence of the West.
The Soviet Union
The USSR took advantage of Europe's devastation by spreading communism and creating communist governments in Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, along with the Baltic nations Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania, who also joined the Soviet Union. They also took East Prussia, which used to be part of Germany. With this gain in land, The Soviet Union became one of the big super powers of the world and spread communism throughout Europe which led to the Cold War.